Geothermal, like other central heating and/or cooling systems can be installed in a number of configurations including forced air, hydronic baseboard, and radiant floors for distribution. The source can be either an open or closed loop. A geothermal system usually cost somewhat more than a conventional fossil fuel system with air conditioning to install but has a lower operation cost and no fuel deliveries. There are also no atmospheric emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons with a geothermal system.

How does the cost of heating with a geothermal system compare to other heating modes ?

Geothermal systems cost less to operate than electric, electric heat pumps, oil, kerosene, natural and propane gas.

How much will it save ?

This would depend on your local utility rates for electricity and each of the fossil fuels. Somewhere from 20 to 60 %. Some utilities even have a lower special rate for their residential geothermal customers.

Should I use vertical, horizontal, or open loop ?

In other parts of the country all three of these options are viable but, in the Northeast our subsurface earth, down about 15 ft., is too cold in the Winter to make this feasible. In the Northeast the vertical closed loop or open loop / vertical standing water column ( VSWC ) method is recommended. The VSWC can be an existing water well currently used for the family water supply.

Can geothermal systems be used in conjunction with hot water space heating ?

Yes, as well as radiant floor heating, and forced warm air heating. An advantage of the forced warm air heating is the central air conditioning that comes with it, plus the ability to add central humidity in the winter, and removal or airborne contaminents with a SMOKE/DUST/POLLEN air filter.

Can snow melt be done ?

Yes, with the right equipment and the right design.

Can I heat my pool ?

Yes, for an indoor, enclosed pool. For an outdoor pool a solar pool heater is a better option.

Are there any substantial improvements in efficiency on the horizon ?

Manufacturers are continuously working to improve their products. We have seen improvements since 1975 when we first came into the geothermal market.

I am planning a large home. Should I use one large of two smaller units ?

This would depend on the layout of the home and your personal preferences as to temperature control. We have designed and installed in homes from 800 to over 15,000 sq.ft.

Is the system antifreeze a potential environmental problem ?

This is a concern in closed loop systems. The loop designer should use a not toxic antifreeze. In open loop VSWC systems well water is used and this is not an issue.

I have heard of a system where air is circulated through large diameter pipes buried in the soil and then supplied to the building for heating purposes. Is that possible ?

In the Northeast this isn’t practical as the large diameter pipes would have to be buried below the 15 ft. level to get below the effect of the frost.

I am an engineer, where can I find more detailed information for commercial applications?